ArticleFrontiers in surgery2026
Surgical outcomes of thoracoscopic extended thymectomy via subxyphoid and left intercostal approach.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Minimally invasive thymectomy is widely adopted for the management of thymic diseases and myasthenia gravis (MG). Among thoracoscopic techniques, the intercostal approach (ICA) is the most commonly used, whereas the subxiphoid approach (SA) has been proposed to reduce postoperative pain. However, comparative evidence remains heterogeneous. Methods: This single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent minimally invasive thymectomy between January 2019 and December 2023. Patients were assigned to the ICA or SA group according to the surgical approach performed. The primary outcome was early postoperative pain assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) within 48 h. Secondary outcomes included operative and perioperative parameters, postoperative complications, and short-term follow-up outcomes. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Of 168 patients assessed for eligibility, 90 were included in the final analysis (ICA, Conclusions: Intercostal and subxiphoid thoracoscopic thymectomy demonstrated comparable perioperative safety and short-term clinical outcomes in this cohort. The subxiphoid approach was associated with lower early postoperative pain, while other operative and recovery-related parameters were similar. These findings support individualized surgical decision-making rather than a universally superior approach.
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