Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41960047›Full record

ArticleJTCVS open2026

Mentorship, work-life balance, and opportunities amongst cardiothoracic surgery trainees.

Dena G Shehata, Emma Holler, Edilin Lopez, Jennifer Megan Pan, Thomas K Varghese, Adam A Doty, Cherie P Erkmen, David T Cooke, David D Odell, Kirsten Freeman and 5 more

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Article in JTCVS open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Dena G ShehataDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass.
Emma HollerSurgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
Edilin LopezDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass.
Jennifer Megan PanDepartment of General Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
Thomas K VargheseDivision of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Adam A DotyThe Thoracic Surgery Directors Association, Chicago, Ill.
Cherie P ErkmenDepartment of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa.
David T CookeDivision of General Thoracic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, Calif.
David D OdellSurgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
Kirsten FreemanDivision of Cardiovascular, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla.
Elliot L ServaisDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass.
Yue-Yung HuDivision of Pediatric Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
Karl Y BilimoriaSurgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
DuyKhanh P CeppaSurgical Outcomes and Quality Improvement Center, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
Ammara A WatkinsDivision of Thoracic Surgery, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Mass.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Cardiothoracic surgery training is demanding. Mentorship, belonging, work-life balance, support, and opportunities are critical factors for career satisfaction and retention. This study explores gender differences in these key areas amongst cardiothoracic surgery trainees. Methods: A cross-sectional national survey was conducted with the 2024 Thoracic Surgery Directors Association In-Training Exam. The 18-item questionnaire consisted of multiple choice and Likert-scale questions regarding mentorship, belonging, work-life balance, and perceptions of opportunities, support, and program fairness. Data were summarized using frequencies and percentages; groups were compared using either χ Results: A total of 440 trainees participated from 74 programs (74.3% response rate); 31% (n = 137) women, 64% men (n = 281), and 5% (n = 22) gender not disclosed. Female trainees less frequently reported a strong sense of belonging in their program (82% vs 90%; Conclusions: Gender disparities exist in cardiothoracic surgery training, with female trainees reporting greater dissatisfaction with work-life balance, mentorship, opportunities, support, and career choice compared with their male counterparts.

Indexed as

gender disparitiesmentorshipresident well-beingwork-life balance

Identifiers

PMID41960047
PMCPMC13059998

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.