ArticleMethodsX2026
A Low-Cost LED-LDR portable colorimeter-multimeter (LED-LDR PCM) for analytical laboratories in Iraq: An educational of deviation from the beer-lambert law and green chemistry approach.
Article in MethodsX, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
A new, low-cost LED-LDR Portable Colorimeter-Multimeter (LED-LDR PCM) was developed as an educational tool for undergraduate chemistry students. This device constructed from inexpensive and available components in the Iraqi markets. These included a multimeter, a white LED light source, a light dependent resistor (LDR), a battery, and a sample cell (cuvette). This device serves as platform for teaching essential principles of the systematic deviations from the Beer-Lambert law with polychromatic LED sources, build calibration curves, and teaching self-filtering effect phenomenon. The LED-LDR PCM device showed a high accuracy and precision in the determination of methyl red dye in tap water samples, with RSD% values from 0.791% to 3.076% and recovery values ranging from 99.131% to 101.562%. The performance of the educational LED-LDR PCM device was evaluated using greenness and Whiteness assessment tools, such as GAPI, MoGAPI, CaFRI, and the Multi-Color Assessment (MA) Tool. A comparative analysis against reported methods revealed that the educational LED-LDR PCM device is more sustainable and environmentally friendly, with a high overall Whiteness score of 66.9%, showed the scores of reported methods. This project highlights a new direction for the development of simple, cost-effective analytical devices that are ideal for educational purposes analytical devices and aligned with the principles of green analytical chemistry.
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