Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41959060›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Arousal state alters brain network switching and moderates cognitive task performance.

Kimberly Kundert-Obando, Haatef Pourmotabbed, Kamalpreet Kaur, Shiyu Wang, Juan Gomez Lagandara, Sarah E Goodale, Caroline Martin, Victoria L Morgan, Dario J Englot, Lucina Q Uddin and 2 more

Abstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Kimberly Kundert-ObandoNeuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5169-1919
Haatef PourmotabbedDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Kamalpreet KaurDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Shiyu WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Juan Gomez LagandaraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Sarah E GoodaleVanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Caroline MartinCritical Illness, Brain Dysfunction and Survivorship Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Victoria L MorganDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Dario J EnglotDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Lucina Q UddinDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2278-8962
Mikail RubinovVanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
Catie ChangVanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Funding

Mapping the Human Connectome: Structure, Function, and HeritabilityU54MH091657 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI UGURBIL, KAMIL, VAN ESSEN, DAVID C · 2010 to 2014
$34.7M
Training in Fundamental NeuroscienceT32MH064913 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI IHRIE, REBECCA A, WINDER, DANNY G. · 2001 to 2022
$7.6M
Vanderbilt Interdisciplinary Training Program in Alzheimer's DiseaseT32AG058524 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI ANGELA L. JEFFERSON · 2018 to 2026
$3.5M
State-dependent connectivity of impaired autonomic brain networks underlying cardiorespiratory dysfunction in epilepsyF31NS143413 · NINDS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI Haatef Pourmotabbed · 2025 to 2026
$100k
Characterizing vigilance in fMRI data and its relation to age-related cognitive impairment.F99AG079810 · NIA · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI GOODALE, SARAH E · 2022 to 2024
$65k
NIA NIH HHS F99 AG079810NIA NIH HHS T32 AG058524NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH064913NIMH NIH HHS U54 MH091657NINDS NIH HHS F31 NS143413
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Arousal relates to cognitive performance, but the neural underpinnings of this relationship remain unclear. One candidate marker is switching rate, a dynamic measure that has been linked to cognition and has been speculated to be sensitive to arousal. However, whether switching rate is altered across arousal states has not been directly tested. Here, using fMRI together with concurrent eye monitoring and EEG, we examined how the switching rates of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks are altered across arousal states. Default mode and anterior salience networks exhibited significant differences in switching rates across arousal states determined with eye tracking. Notably, thalamic subregions showed arousal-dependent changes in switching rate that were replicated across independent datasets and arousal measures. Additionally, arousal moderated the relationship between average network switching and performance on a relational processing task. Together, these findings suggest that switching rate may index neural underpinnings of arousal-dependent cognition.

Indexed as

arousaldynamic network switchingEEG-fMRIfMRImultilayer modularity

Identifiers

PMID41959060
PMCPMC13060908

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.