ArticleJMA journal2026
A Prospective Analysis of Cognitive Functions in Stable Nonhypoxemic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients at a Tertiary Care Center, Jaipur.
Article in JMA journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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3 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex, multi-component disorder characterized by a long-lasting, irreversible airflow limitation due to inflammation, which leads to narrowing of the airway lumen. A variety of influencing factors may cause cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with COPD, including age, disease duration, severity, hypercapnia, smoking, and vascular dysfunction. This study assessed cognitive functions in non-hypoxic stable COPD patients. Methods: An observational study was conducted in the Department of Physiology and Medicine, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences College of Medical Sciences (RUHS CMS). A total of 120 subjects were recruited. The cases (group A) were selected according to the Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification. GOLD stage 1 and 2 patients confirmed by spirometry. Controls (group B) were selected as age-matched healthy volunteers(HVs) from the society. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and event-related potential (P300) were used to assess cognitive functions in both groups. Data was analyzed using appropriate tests, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean MMSE score was found to decrease in Group A compared to Group B. The mean MMSE score in group A was 24.65 with an standard deviation of ± 2.05; in group B, it was detected as 27.56 ± 2.15 (p < 0.00001). The mean latency of the P300 wave was prolonged in some cases, and a decrease in the Amplitude of the P300 wave was observed in some cases compared to the control group. Mean latency in case group 298.48 ± 21.98 milliseconds compared to control group 265.89 ± 15.80 milliseconds, with a significant p-value <0.0001. The mean amplitude in group A was detected as 4.25 ± 1.502 μV, compared to a mean of 6.06 ± 1.94 μV in group B. Conclusion: Patients with COPD have a higher risk of CI compared to the age-matched healthy volunteer group.
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