ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Risk factors and nomogram prediction model for checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but are associated with immune-related adverse events such as pneumonitis. This study aimed to identify risk factors for checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (CIP) and to develop a predictive nomogram for individualized risk assessment in advanced NSCLC patients. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs between January 2021 and December 2024. All patients who developed CIP were included as cases ( Results: Disease duration (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.20-2.31), smoking history (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.34-8.26), prior chest radiotherapy (OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.09-6.92), and baseline Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score (OR 1.12 per point, 95% CI 1.04-1.21) were independent predictors of CIP. The nomogram demonstrated good discrimination (AUC 0.819, 95% CI 0.752-0.891) and calibration, with a bootstrap-corrected C-index of 0.751. Subgroup analyses showed consistent associations across immune checkpoint inhibitor types and treatment lines. Conclusion: The developed nomogram, incorporating key clinical and psychological predictors, offers a practical tool for individualized risk assessment of CIP in advanced NSCLC patients, potentially guiding early intervention and improving immunotherapy safety.
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