ReviewJournal of advanced nursing2026
Barriers to Women's Leadership in Nursing: A Rapid Evidence Assessment and Proposal for an Integrated Theoretical Framework.
Review in Journal of advanced nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIM(S): This review analyses and synthesises the available evidence on the barriers limiting women's career advancement in nursing. It aims to identify effective interventions to promote gender equity in healthcare leadership through an integrated framework informed by Social Role Theory, Ambivalent Sexism Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour.
designRapid Evidence Assessment. DATA SOURCES: The search was conducted on the databases: PubMed, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, ApaPsycArticles, ApaPsycInfo between March and May 2025.
methodsThe Population-Exposure-Outcome framework guided the formulation of the research question. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, quality appraisal and data extraction.
resultsEight studies with heterogeneous research designs were included: four literature reviews, three quantitative studies and one qualitative study. The analysis identified four themes: (1) gender pay gap; (2) gender stereotypes and cultural expectations; (3) systemic barriers: organisational structures and institutional culture; (4) organisational strategies for gender equity and female leadership.
conclusionCareer advancement for female nurses is limited by systemic and internalised constraints that reinforce vertical segregation. Multilevel interventions are needed to dismantle structural inequalities and reshape gender norms within nursing leadership. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE: Targeted reforms, including transparent promotion criteria, structured mentoring, bias awareness training and inclusive organisational policies, are essential to promote leadership equity, improve workplace justice and foster a sustainable health system. IMPACT: This study addresses the persistent gender gap in nursing leadership, identifying systemic, cultural and individual barriers to women's career progression. Through a Rapid Evidence Assessment, it proposes a new multilevel theoretical framework. The results support policies and interventions to promote gender equity in nursing leadership. REPORTING
methodsThis review adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for reporting. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: None.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.