Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41958189›Full record

ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2026

A genetically informed cross-lagged twin study of the longitudinal association between addiction-related behaviors and obesity.

Baiyu Qi, Heather M Highland, Mariaelisa Graff, Cynthia M Bulik, Soo Hyun Rhee, Michael C Stallings, John K Hewitt, Daniel E Gustavson, Chandra A Reynolds, Kari E North and 1 more

Abstract readTwin Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Baiyu QiDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-7055
Heather M HighlandDepartment of Epidemiology, UT Health Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA.
Mariaelisa GraffDepartment of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Cynthia M BulikDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Soo Hyun RheeDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Michael C StallingsDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
John K HewittDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Daniel E GustavsonDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Chandra A ReynoldsDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
Kari E NorthDepartment of Epidemiology, UT Health Houston School of Public Health, Brownsville Campus, Brownsville, TX, USA.
Melissa A Munn-ChernoffDepartment of Community, Family, and Addiction Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.

Funding

The Genetic Epidemiology of Heart, Lung, and Blood TraitsTraining Grant (GenHLB)T32HL129982 · NHLBI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Christy Leigh Avery, KAREN L. MOHLKE · 2016 to 2026
$3.8M
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development HD010333NHLBI NIH HHS T32HL129982NIA NIH HHS AG046938NIDA NIH HHS DA054087NIDA NIH HHS DA057894
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsAddiction-related behaviors, such as loss of control eating (LOC), cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, have been associated with high body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to assess genetic and environmental contributions to these associations over time.

designA longitudinal twin study using data from waves 2 and 3 of the Center on Antisocial Drug Dependence study, employing additive genetic (A), shared environmental (C), nonshared environmental (E) influences and cross-lagged models.

settingColorado, USA.

participantsThe sample included 764 male and 997 female same-sex twins. MEASUREMENTS: BMI was calculated using self-reported height and weight. LOC was self-reported. Cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and drinks per week (DPW) were assessed during interviews.

findingsWe conducted three cross-lagged models: LOC and BMI in males, LOC and BMI in females and CPD and BMI in females, after excluding small phenotypic correlations (|r| < 0.10). Trait stability over time was largely attributable to genetic factors, accounting for 62% of the variance in BMI (both sexes), 11% in LOC (males), 18% in LOC (females) and 56% in CPD (females) at wave 3. Residual effects were mostly from nonshared environmental factors, accounting for 38% of the variance in BMI (both sexes), 76% of LOC (females), 71% of LOC (males) and 44% of CPD (females) at wave 3. A small but statistically significant cross-lagged effect occurred from wave 2 BMI to wave 3 LOC, explaining 12% (males) and 3% (females) of the variance in wave 3 LOC, with genetic factors accounting for most of this effect. No cross-lagged effects emerged from LOC or CPD to BMI.

conclusionsGenetic factors contributing to higher body mass index at an earlier age may also increase the risk of developing loss of control eating later in life, highlighting the importance of early weight-related interventions to prevent the onset of disordered eating behaviors.

Indexed as

Alcohol DrinkingBehavior, AddictiveCigarette SmokingObesityAdultBody Mass IndexColoradoFemaleGene-Environment InteractionHumansLongitudinal StudiesMalebinge eatingColorado Twin Registrydisordered eatingobesitysmokingsubstance use

Identifiers

PMID41958189
PMCPMC13291092

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.