Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41957921›Full record

ReviewMicrobiologyOpen2026

Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium by Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus.

Ahmad Fadhlullah Husaini, Margaretta Christita, Rizal Maarif Rukmana, Arida Susilowati, Keni Vidilaseris

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in MicrobiologyOpen, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Ahmad Fadhlullah HusainiResearch Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization of Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center-BRIN Complex, Bogor, Indonesia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3740-4408
Margaretta ChristitaResearch Center for Applied Microbiology, Research Organization of Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center-BRIN Complex, Bogor, Indonesia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-2379
Rizal Maarif RukmanaResearch Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center-BRIN Complex, Bogor, Indonesia.
Arida SusilowatiFaculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Deli Serdang, North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Keni VidilaserisDepartment of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Funding

BRIN-LPDP (Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education) 2024PKUU-PT QS WUR Universitas Sumatera Utara 7092.1/UNS.1.R/PPM/2023
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a widespread environmental pollutant, posing a significant health risk to ecosystems and humans. Bioremediation using microorganisms offers a cost-effective strategy for its detoxification. This review highlights recent advances in Cr(VI) reduction by Stenotrophomonas and Bacillus species, two bacterial genera with strong potential for chromium detoxification. Stenotrophomonas species primarily rely on intracellular enzymatic reduction mechanisms, often mediated by chromate reductases such as ChrR and heme proteins that link chromium detoxification with iron homeostasis. In contrast, Bacillus species employ a broader range of strategies, combining intracellular and extracellular enzymatic reduction, biosorption, and bioaccumulation, supported by stress-response and efflux systems that confer exceptional tolerance to Cr(VI). Comparative analysis reveals complementary metabolic strengths: Stenotrophomonas excels in rapid enzymatic detoxification, while Bacillus offers long-term stability through spore formation and surface-associated sequestration. Together, these traits underscore the promise of mixed consortia featuring both genera for scalable and resilient chromium bioremediation systems. Future research integrating omics-guided pathway mapping, microbial engineering, and biosafety control is expected to accelerate the deployment of efficient and safe Cr(VI) bioremediation technologies.

Indexed as

BacillusChromiumEnvironmental PollutantsStenotrophomonasBiodegradation, EnvironmentalOxidation-ReductionOxidoreductaseschromate reductaseChromiumchromium hexavalent ionEnvironmental PollutantsOxidoreductasesbioremediationchromate reductaseenvironmental microbiologyheavy metal resistancehexavalent chromiummicrobial ecology

Identifiers

PMID41957921
PMCPMC13065881

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.