Observational studyBMC cardiovascular disorders2026
The impact of misdiagnosed heart failure and cardiac or extra-cardiac disease burden on the prognosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Observational study in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe examined how misdiagnosed heart failure (HF) and the burden of cardiac and extra-cardiac diseases prognostically impact 1-year outcomes (all-cause mortality, rehospitalization, and their composite) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
methodsA retrospective analysis of a prospective observational cohort study was performed. This study included 1008 patients with T2DM. Misdiagnosis of HF was defined as the difference between the diagnosis of HF contained in the primary care medical records of the patient upon admission and the final diagnosis established in the hospital at discharge. We used the MAGGIC risk score. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used.
resultsIn the subgroup with misdiagnosed HF, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the MAGGIC noncardiac burden was the most significant predictor of the composite outcome (adjusted HR: 1.217 [1.079-1.461]; p < 0.001, and adjusted HR: 1.305 [1.119-1.561]; p < 0.001) during the 1-year follow-up.
conclusionsThis longitudinal study highlights that the misdiagnosis of heart failure, both under- and overdiagnosis, is common in T2DM patients and is associated with worse long-term outcomes, even after receiving appropriate hospital-based management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.