Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41957615›Full record

ArticleBMC oral health2026

Association between primary Sjögren's disease and temporomandibular disorder in Taiwan: a 15-year nationwide cohort, with an exploratory analysis of hydroxychloroquine.

Hsiao Yu, Tsung-Fu Chang, Wei-Zhi Huang, Da-Yo Yuh, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Feng-Cheng Liu, Dun-Yu Hsu, Tsu-Hsuan Weng, Gunng-Shinng Chen, Ling-Yu Kung and 1 more

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Article in BMC oral health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hsiao YuSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Tsung-Fu ChangSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Wei-Zhi HuangSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Da-Yo YuhSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Chi-Hsiang ChungSchool of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Feng-Cheng LiuDivision of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Dun-Yu HsuSchool of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Tsu-Hsuan WengDepartment of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
Gunng-Shinng Chen *School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. gunngshinngchen@gmail.com.
Ling-Yu Kung *School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. tsois0423@gmail.com.
Wu-Chien Chien *School of Public Health, National Defense Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. chienwu@mail.ndmctsgh.edu.tw.

Funding

Tri-Service General Hospital Research Foundation TSGH-A-115015, TSGH-B-115018
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe relationship between primary Sjögren’s disease (pSjD) and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) has received little attention in previous studies. Therefore, we investigated this association using data from a large, population-based cohort.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed data from Taiwan’s Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database for the period 2000–2015. Patients with pSjD (n = 36,195) were compared with matched controls (n = 144,780). Cox regression analysis estimated the risk of TMD, adjusting for comorbidities and medication exposure.

resultspSjD was significantly associated with an increased risk of TMD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.921, 95% confidence interval = 1.39–2.58, p < 0.001). In secondary analyses, differences in observed incidence were noted across HCQ exposure groups. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to potential confounding by indication and database limitations.

conclusionsThis nationwide cohort study demonstrates a significant association between pSjD and subsequent TMD development. Findings related to HCQ exposure require further investigation in prospective studies.

Indexed as

HydroxychloroquineSjogren's SyndromeTemporomandibular Joint DisordersAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTaiwanHydroxychloroquineLongitudinal Generation Tracking DatabasePrimary Sjögren’s diseaseTemporomandibular disorder

Identifiers

PMID41957615
PMCPMC13248473

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.