Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41957373›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

One-pot synthesis of quasi-block fluoropolymers for graded heterojunctions via dual resurfacing.

Zhilong He, Siyuan Li, Xinyu He, Zhe Hao, Jinkang Chen, Bohao Song, Yi Lin, Zheng Tang, Guanghao Lu, Lijian Zuo and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Zhilong He *State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-4069
Siyuan Li *State Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-1453
Xinyu HeState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Zhe HaoState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Jinkang ChenState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Bohao SongFrontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Yi LinState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.
Zheng TangState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-2362
Guanghao LuFrontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Lijian ZuoState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0338-1198
Chang Zhi LiState Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-2032
Hongliang ZhongState Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China. hlzhong@dhu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2499-8007

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 22379095
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graded heterojunctions (GHJs) featuring a gradient donor/acceptor distribution represent an ideal architecture for organic solar cells (OSCs), yet remain challenging to realize. Here, we report a series of fluoropolymers that can form GHJs through surface-energy-driven resurfacing in solution processes. The distinct chemical reactivity of fluorinated versus standard monomers enables the formation of quasi-block copolymers in one-pot polymerization, which rivals the two-step synthesized block copolymer in polymer properties and photovoltaic performance. These fluoropolymers can resurface due to the low-surface-energy fluorinated blocks. During the sequential deposition that small-molecular acceptor solution is cast atop the underlying fluoropolymer film, the acceptor penetrates downwards accompanied by donor resurfacing, consequently generating a vertical donor/acceptor gradient. Moreover, a post-treatment namely fluorous solvent vapor annealing (FSVA) is adopted to further regulate the distribution. The unique solubility of fluoropolymers in fluorous solvents enables fluoropolymers to resurface again, yielding an optimal GHJ to deliver an impressive efficiency of 19.60% in OSCs. Notably, block-containing copolymers achieve superior device performance and more optimal GHJ than the random fluoropolymer, highlighting the importance of monomer sequence. Our findings provide an efficient approach to create GHJs by leveraging surface energy, and also attract attentions to explore the precise structure of copolymers, in particular for fluoropolymers.

Identifiers

PMID41957373
PMCPMC13223195

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.