Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41957204›Full record

ArticlePlanta2026

MdDIC2 contributes to salt tolerance by citric acid efflux from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in apple plants.

Yingxue Lv, Ranxin Liu, Shanshan Li, Yuening Wang, Mingkun Wang, Xiaohan Qin, Ke Zhang, Zikai Zhang, Xiaofei Wang, Qianyu Yue

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Planta, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yingxue LvNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Ranxin LiuNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Shanshan LiNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Yuening WangCollege of Horticulture Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
Mingkun WangNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Xiaohan QinNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Ke ZhangNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Zikai ZhangNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
Xiaofei WangNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China. wangxiaofei@sdau.edu.cn.
Qianyu YueNational Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China. qyue@sdau.edu.cn.

Funding

China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA CARS-27China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2025T181024National Natural Science Foundation of China 32502652Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2024JQ036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

MAIN

conclusionThis study identified the MdDIC2 gene and demonstrated that its overexpression enhanced salt tolerance in apple by mediating citric acid efflux from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. To counteract osmotic water loss caused by salt, plants release citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate whose transmembrane movement is mediated by dicarboxylate carriers (DICs). Although this process has been demonstrated in other plant species, the role of DIC transporters in apple salt tolerance remains unclear. The gene encoding the DIC protein, MdDIC2, was cloned and studied in the current work. Salt stress elevated citric acid levels in apple plants; moreover, exogenous citric acid further enhanced salt tolerance in both apple and Arabidopsis. At the same time, salt stress significantly induced MdDIC2 expression. Arabidopsis and tomato transgenic lines expressing MdDIC2 exhibited enhanced salt stress tolerance, along with reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under salt stress. The overexpression of MdDIC2 significantly enhanced salt stress tolerance in apple calli. Moreover, MdDIC2 overexpression enhanced citric acid efflux from mitochondria in apple calli, Arabidopsis and tomato. These results indicate that MdDIC2 enhances apple salt tolerance by mediating citric acid efflux. In conclusion, this study revealed that MdDIC2 plays a pivotal role in plant salt tolerance by mediating citric acid efflux, thus providing a basis for dissecting the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Indexed as

Citric AcidDicarboxylic Acid TransportersMalusMitochondriaPlant ProteinsSalt ToleranceArabidopsisCytoplasmGene Expression Regulation, PlantPlants, Genetically ModifiedReactive Oxygen SpeciesSolanum lycopersicumCitric AcidDicarboxylic Acid TransportersPlant ProteinsReactive Oxygen SpeciesAppleCitric acidDicarboxylate carrierMdDIC2Salt tolerance

Identifiers

PMID41957204

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.