Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41957092›Full record

ArticleNPJ precision oncology2026

CD18-targeted peptide-drug conjugate remodels the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer by selective depletion of M2 macrophages.

Ik-Hwan Han, Ilseob Choi, Soyoung Kim, Heekyung Lee, Minjin Kwon, Won-Jun Lee, Hyunsu Bae

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ precision oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ik-Hwan HanDepartment of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Ilseob ChoiDepartment of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Soyoung KimTwinpig Biolab Inc. R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Heekyung LeeTwinpig Biolab Inc. R&D Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Minjin KwonDepartment of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Won-Jun LeeDepartment of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Hyunsu BaeDepartment of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. hbae@khu.ac.kr.

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea RS-2023-00208347
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) exhibits an immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) dominated by M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), limiting cytotoxic immune infiltration and promoting tumor progression. Targeting M2 macrophages may represent a promising therapeutic strategy. TB511 was synthesized by conjugating a TAM-specific peptide (TAMpep) to a pro-apoptotic d-form KLA peptide via a GGGGS linker. Its structure was characterized by FTIR and CD spectroscopy. Binding affinity to CD18 was determined by biolayer interferometry. A humanized prostate cancer model was established by subcutaneous implantation of PC-3 cells into hCD34

Identifiers

PMID41957092
PMCPMC13260823

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.