Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41957077›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Assessing graphite schist as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete for antifungal activity, strength, hydration, microstructure, and radiation shielding.

Mostafa Serry, A M Zayed, Aya I Tagyan, Wageeh Ramadan, Bahaa S Metwally, Alaa M Rashad, Hussain Shendy, Ahmed M A Abdelgwad, Mohamed H Abdelaziz, A M El-Khayatt and 3 more

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Mostafa SerryApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt.
A M ZayedApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt. ahmed.zayed@science.bsu.edu.eg.
Aya I TagyanDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt.
Wageeh RamadanRadiation Protection and Safety Department, Hot Laboratories and Waste Management Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
Bahaa S MetwallyApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt.
Alaa M RashadCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Shaqra University, Al-Dawadmi, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hussain ShendyApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt.
Ahmed M A AbdelgwadApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt.
Mohamed H AbdelazizApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt.
A M El-KhayattDepartment of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
W A KansouhNuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, 13759, Egypt.
M G ShahienApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt.
M A MasoudApplied Mineralogy and Water Research Lab (AMWRL), Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt. mostafa_masoud@science.bsu.edu.eg.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For the first time, this study explores the valorization of graphite schist (GS), a metamorphic rock, as a novel supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete. Portland cement (PC) was partially replaced with GS at 0, 10, and 15% by mass to prepare CC (control), GC10, and GC15 mixes, respectively. Physical, mechanical, hydration, microstructural, and radiation shielding properties were investigated. GS showed superior particle fineness, higher surface area, notable antifungal activity, and remarkable thermal stability up to 800 °C, outperforming PC in several aspects. Unlike GC15, GC10 achieved sustained compressive strength, closely related to that of CC. Microstructural analysis revealed that GS functioned mainly as a filler with limited pozzolanic reactivity, contributing moderately to particle packing. However, unhydrated cement particles and weakened interfacial transition zones were more prevalent at 15% GS. The improved performance of GC10 over curing periods reflected the more favorable influence of 10% GS on hydration and microstructure. Moreover, GS incorporation slightly improved fast neutron attenuation but reduced gamma-ray shielding due to increased porosity and reduced density. Overall, GS can be a promising multifunctional SCM, offering antifungal potential, acceptable neutron shielding, balanced strength, and reduced PC usage at 10% replacement.

Indexed as

CementConcreteIsothermal calorimetryMetamorphic rockSCM

Identifiers

PMID41957077
PMCPMC13068892

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.