ArticleScientific reports2026
Structural basis for TRF2-RAP1 recruitment by EBNA1 at the EBV origin of replication.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) is essential for the episomal maintenance and DNA replication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in latently infected cells and acts through binding to oriP. The minimal replicative unit of oriP (½DS) contains four EBNA1 binding sites flanked by single telomeric nonamers that recruit shelterin proteins TRF2 and Rap1, but the structural basis for host-factor engagement is not known. Here, we integrate cryo-electron microscopy, zero-length cross-linking mass spectrometry, Alphafold3 modeling, and biochemical binding assays to define the complex formed by EBNA1-TRF2-Rap1 assembly on the ½DS. We find that a highly dynamic complex is formed, with the TRF2 homodimerization domain (TRFH) flexibly interacting with EBNA1 on the surface opposite the DNA-binding region, where there is a large acidic patch in EBNA1 that is unique amongst the herpesvirus episome maintenance proteins. Mutagenesis of this acidic patch abolishes TRFH binding and oriP-dependent plasmid replication. These findings identify a previously uncharacterized acidic patch docking surface on EBNA1 essential for coordinating TRF2-Rap1 at oriP and provide new insights into both EBV and telomere DNA replication.
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