ArticlePhotochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology2026
Stabilization of 5-aminolevulinic acid by cucurbit[7]uril complex with enhanced fluorescence detection and photodynamic therapy of breast cancer in vitro and in a CAM model.
Article in Photochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The FDA-approved prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is efficiently metabolized by cancer cells into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a potent photosensitizer widely used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence-guided tumor surgery. However, the poor membrane permeability of ALA led to the development of more lipophilic derivatives, such as the methyl (ALAm) and hexyl (ALAh) esters. Despite improved cellular uptake, ALA and its esters are highly unstable at physiological pH, resulting in premature decomposition, reduced PpIX accumulation, and limited therapeutic efficacy. In this study, the encapsulation of ALA, ALAm, and ALAh within cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) was evaluated as a strategy to enhance their stability and performance. Complex formation was confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry,
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