ArticleJournal of fluorescence2026
A Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe Based on Naphthalimide - Indole Scaffold for Imaging Hypochlorous Acid in Neuroin- Flammatory Models.
Article in Journal of fluorescence, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO), as a crucial reactive oxygen species, plays significant roles in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly in the progression of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a novel near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe, Indole-NI-HClO, was designed and synthesized based on a naphthalimide-indole fused chromophore. Featuring a methyl thioether group as the specific recognition site, the probe operates through oxidation-induced modulation of intramolecular charge transfer mechanism for sensitive HClO detection. Spectroscopic characterization demonstrated excellent sensing performance, including a low detection limit (0.32 µM), a large Stokes shift, rapid response kinetics (within 30 s), and high selectivity. Cellular experiments confirmed good biocompatibility, with the probe exhibiting low cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells where cell viability remained above 93% after 24 h of incubation, and successful ratiometric imaging of both exogenous and endogenous HClO. Furthermore, the probe enabled visualization of endogenously produced HClO in zebrafish models under inflammatory stimulation. This work establishes Indole-NI-HClO as an effective molecular tool for investigating HClO-related biological functions and disease mechanisms in complex biological systems.
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