Observational studyInternational urology and nephrology2026
Perioperative outcomes following open radical cystectomy in the setting of locally advanced bladder cancer.
Observational study in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prognostic value of preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare the perioperative outcomes and long-term survivors between localized (organ-confined cT2N0M0) and locally advanced (cT3-4 and/or cN1-3,M0) bladder cancer in patients undergoing radical cystectomy and lymphadenectomy.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational cohort study including 364 consecutive patients who underwent open RC with urinary diversion at a high-volume tertiary referral center between July 2016 and November 2024. Patients were stratified according to pathological stage into localized disease (pT0-T2N0) and locally advanced disease (pT3-T4 and/or N1). Perioperative outcomes were evaluated using multivariable regression models. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed with Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier estimates. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were assessed using Fine-Gray competing-risks models. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed as a sensitivity analysis.
resultsAmong 364 patients, 203 had localized and 161 had locally advanced BCa. Locally advanced disease was associated with greater intraoperative blood loss (β 230 ml, 95% CI 89.9-370.3) and longer operative time (β 16.5 min, 95% CI 2.6-30.3), but postoperative complication rates were similar between groups. With a median follow-up of 54.9 months in localized and 36.4 months in locally advanced BCa, locally advanced disease was associated with significantly worse oncologic outcomes. Multivariable analyses confirmed higher risks of overall mortality (HR 3.40, 95% CI 2.40-4.81), recurrence (sHR 5.12, 95% CI 3.45-7.59), and cancer-specific mortality (sHR 2.26, 95% CI 1.43-3.59). Results were consistent after PSM.
conclusionThis study showed that, compared with localized disease, RC for locally advanced BCa was associated with similar 30-day mortality and major complication rates, but worse oncological outcomes. These findings support the perioperative feasibility of surgery in selected patients with locally advanced disease while underscoring their persistently poorer cancer prognosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.