SynthesisBlood advances2026
Invasive fungal infections after Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Blood advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
abstractThe epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) among patients receiving Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKIs) remains incompletely characterized. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 88 studies including 23 737 patients to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for IFIs in this population. Among 16 studies that applied the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium consensus definitions of IFIs, the pooled prevalence of proven/probable IFIs was 2.83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.97-4.06), with the highest prevalence observed in patients with central nervous system lymphoma (9.02%). Aspergillosis was the most frequently reported IFI (1.76%), followed by pneumocystosis, candidiasis, and cryptococcosis. The risk factors significantly associated with proven/probable IFIs were concurrent corticosteroid use (odds ratio [OR], 5.03; 95% CI, 2.31-10.92) and ≥3 previous lines of therapy (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.54-6.88). Across clinical trials, the prevalence of fungal infections varied across BTKI agents, ranging from 2.50% with tirabrutinib, to 0.62% with pirtobrutinib. Data on antifungal and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis were limited and inconclusive. Among clinical trials that reported fungal infections as adverse events, the prevalence of IFI was the highest in patients treated with tirabrutinib (2.50%), followed by zanubrutinib (2.13%), ibrutinib (1.75%), acalabrutinib (1.31%), orelabrutinib (1.08%), and pirtobrutinib (0.62%). Although some findings suggest a potential benefit in selected patients, current evidence remains insufficient to support broad prophylaxis recommendations. These results underscore the need for individualized risk assessment and further research to inform prevention strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.