SynthesisThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2026
Definitions and rates of treatment failure in females with uncomplicated urinary tract infection: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Fluoroquinolone-Non-Susceptible/Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales: Patient Characteristics, Resistance Phenotypes, Treatment Patterns, and Clinical Outcomes.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- When Empiric Therapy Fails: Clinical and Economic Consequences in uUTIs Among US Women.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Urinary Tract Infections: Etiology and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundUncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect ∼50%-60% of women. Treatment failure can have adverse effects on antibiotic resistance, healthcare utilization and quality of life. The lack of consistently applied definitions of treatment failure prevents comparisons between studies of UTI treatments.
objectivesWe conducted a systematic literature review to investigate definitions of treatment failure in UTI and the corresponding failure rates.
methodsMEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL databases were searched from 2011 to 2024 and relevant conference proceedings from 2021 to 2024 for English language studies reporting rates of treatment failure in females aged ≥12 years with uncomplicated UTI.
resultsPublications included reported 14 clinical trials, 11 non-interventional observational studies with chart review and 10 healthcare database studies. Treatment failure definitions were classified as microbiological, clinical, antibiotic prescription based or a composite of these. Evaluation timepoints typically ranged from 1 to 30 days post-treatment. In clinical trials, failure rates varied from 0.8% to 83%, often with marked differences between microbiological, clinical and prescription definitions within the same trial. Rates of treatment failure using combined endpoints, including prescription failure with a healthcare encounter in database studies, were generally more consistent (6.87%-16.7%). Few studies assessed time to symptom resolution. Prescription failure or additional healthcare visits frequently occurred after a median 2-4 weeks.
conclusionsTreatment failure definitions have been variably defined in the literature. Symptom scores in clinical trials and the need for additional antibiotics or healthcare visits are meaningful outcomes that could underly treatment failure definitions in future studies. The optimal time for each outcome assessment needs further evaluation.
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