Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41953674›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Hillary Zhou, Sudeshna Saha, Sydney Morrill, Thomas Kelly, Warren G Lewis, Amanda L Lewis

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hillary ZhouDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States.
Sudeshna SahaDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States.
Sydney MorrillDepartment of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States.
Thomas KellyDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States.
Warren G LewisDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States.
Amanda L LewisDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: In pregnant individuals with certain indications, sutures may be placed circumferentially around the uterine cervix to prevent dilation. Compared to monofilament sutures, the use of braided suture materials has been linked with the development of a dysbiotic vaginal microbiome, as well as higher rates of infection-associated pregnancy outcomes such as chorioamnionitis and preterm birth. In bacterial vaginosis (BV) anaerobic bacteria, including pathogens, overgrow, forming biofilms in direct proximity to the host epithelium. Gardnerella is highly represented among bacterial vaginosis-like microbiotas. Methods: To test our working hypothesis that braided sutures may better support the establishment of high biomass bacterial biofilms compared to monofilament sutures, we measured the extent of Gardnerella bacteria biofilm formation on braided and monofilament sutures in the laboratory. Multiple Gardnerella strains were grown in the presence of braided or monofilament suture materials (polyester or polybutylate-coated polyester versus polypropylene or nylon), and the (biofilm) biomass was measured using crystal violet staining. Results: Sutures incubated without Gardnerella were included as controls. To compare staining of biofilm biomass between groups, one-way ANOVA was performed and Šidák was used for pairwise comparisons to control for multiple comparisons between groups. Gardnerella formed significantly more biofilm biomass (>10-fold) on braided polyethylene terephthalate (polyester) sutures compared to monofilament (polypropylene or nylon) sutures (p < 0.0001). This feature was applicable to multiple strains across different taxonomic subsets of Gardnerella. Discussion: Together with existing literature, these findings suggest that braided sutures might promote the development of dysbiotic BV-like microbiomes after cerclage placement by facilitating Gardnerella biofilm formation.

Indexed as

BiofilmsCerclage, CervicalGardnerellaSuturesFemaleHumansPregnancyVaginosis, Bacterialbacterial vaginosis (BV)biofilmcervical cerclageGardnerellasuture

Identifiers

PMID41953674
PMCPMC13055511

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.