Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41953183›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2026

Behavioral outcomes of preschool children with congenital heart disease and controls.

Andrew T M Chew, Alexandra F Bonthrone, Mirthe E M van der Meijden, Zeyuan Sun, Kuberan Pushparajah, John Simpson, A David Edwards, Serena J Counsell, Chiara Nosarti

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In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andrew T M ChewDepartment of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Alexandra F BonthroneDepartment of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Mirthe E M van der MeijdenDepartment of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Zeyuan SunDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Kuberan PushparajahPaediatric Cardiology Department, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, United Kingdom.
John SimpsonPaediatric Cardiology Department, Evelina London Children's Healthcare, London, United Kingdom.
A David EdwardsDepartment of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Serena J CounsellDepartment of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Chiara NosartiDepartment of Early Life Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Behavioral outcomes may be suboptimal in school-age children and adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, little is known about the behavioral outcomes of preschool children with CHD. This study aimed to compare behavioural outcomes in preschool children with CHD and controls, and to investigate the impact of a cognitively stimulating home environment on these outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional case-control study based on parent-rated questionnaires assessing child behavior and cognitively stimulating opportunities in the home environment in 56 preschool children (4-6 years) with CHD and 215 control participants. Validated questionnaires were used to assess temperament (Child Behavior Questionnaire), autism traits (Social Communication Questionnaire), ADHD symptoms (ADHD-Rating Scale-IV), empathy (EmQue), and behavioral difficulties (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Higher scores on these measures indicate more severe difficulties. The Cognitively Stimulating Parenting Scale was used to assess the presence of cognitive stimulating opportunities in the home environment. Results: Univariate robust regression analyses showed that children with CHD compared to controls had higher levels of age-adjusted hyperactivity/impulsivity (B = -0.339, Conclusions: Compared to controls, and after adjusting for potential confounders, preschool children with CHD have more hyperactivity/impulsivity, inattention and peer relationship problems. Fewer behavioral problems were associated with a more cognitively stimulating home environment, highlighting this modifiable factor as a promising target for future longitudinal research.

Indexed as

behaviorcongenital heart diseasehome environmentinattentionoutcomepreschool

Identifiers

PMID41953183
PMCPMC13054659

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.