ArticleOphthalmology science2026
The Lid Wiper Effect on Corneal Epithelial Thickness Pattern in Healthy Eyes as Characterized by Zernike Analysis.
Article in Ophthalmology science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Purpose: To develop quantitative biomarkers that characterize the effect of upper eyelid motion (lid-wiper effect) during blinking on corneal epithelial thickness. Design: A retrospective study analyzing corneal epithelium thickness maps through Zernike polynomial decomposition. Subjects: Three hundred thirty-six maps from 135 healthy eyes of 69 subjects. Methods: A total of 5-mm diameter epithelial thickness maps were acquired using spectral-domain OCT. Maps from left eyes were mirror-imaged and pooled with right eyes for analysis. Zernike polynomial decomposition was performed, and average coefficients were obtained. The lowest-order Zernike terms with single-angle dependence-tilt and primary coma-were analyzed as vectors to determine the lid-wiper axes. The lid-wiper gradient (μm/mm) and lid-wiper coma (μm) were calculated by projecting the tilt and coma vectors along their lid-wiper axes. Correlation analysis was performed between the lid-wiper gradient and lid-wiper coma, primary astigmatism, and higher-order aberrations. Main Outcome Measures: The lid-wiper gradient and lid-wiper coma, which are quantitative biomarkers of epithelial remodeling in response to the lid-wiper effect. Results: The average epithelial thickness map showed superotemporal thinning with relative inferonasal thickening. Average tilt and coma coefficients were nonzero ( Conclusions: A significant epithelial thickness gradient exists in the average normal cornea, consistent with eyelid blink dynamics described in the literature. The significant but weak correlation between the lid-wiper gradient and coma suggests the lid-wiper effect may be among various factors contributing to higher-order aberrations in the epithelium. The lid-wiper gradient and coma may serve as quantitative biomarkers of epithelial remodeling in response to the lid-wiper effect. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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