ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in malignant solid tumors: a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib combined with programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of malignant solid tumors. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and single-arm studies comparing anlotinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (combination group) against other therapies (control group) for the treatment of malignant solid tumors. The search period spanned from the inception of each database to November 2025. Results: 26 studies involving 3,263 patients were identified. The Objective Response Rate (ORR) in the combination group was 57% (95% CI: 47%-67%), with a Disease Control Rate (DCR) of 90% (95% CI: 84%-93%). The incidence of adverse reactions included fatigue (RR = 1.196, 95% CI: 1.024-1.396) and hypoalbuminemia (RR = 1.336, 95% CI: 1.121-1.593). Compared with the control group, the combination group significantly improved ORR in malignant solid tumors (RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.29-2.25, P ≤ 0.0001), DCR (RR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02-1.14, P = 0.009), Overall Survival (OS) (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.54-0.76, P ≤ 0.001), and Progression Free Survival (PFS) (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.39-0.59, P ≤ 0.001). The incidence of hypoalbuminemia was higher in the combination group than in the control group. Results from a network meta-analysis indicated superior efficacy for the combination of anlotinib and TQB2450. Conclusion: Anlotinib combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors demonstrates significant efficacy in treating multiple tumor types. The combination of anlotinib and TQB2450 offers advantages, but attention should be paid to the occurrence of hypoproteinemia.
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