ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Recombinant human adenovirus type 5 synergizes with anti-PD-L1 antibody to promote anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects through multilevel remodeling of the immune microenvironment.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains a critical challenge in the treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Our study evaluated the combined efficacy of the recombinant human adenovirus type 5 (H101) and an anti-PD-L1 antibody (APA) in C57BL/6N mouse model. Gene expression of STAT1 and CD274 (PD-L1) was analyzed by qPCR, and protein levels of PD-L1 and p-STAT1 were assessed via western blot and immunohistochemistry. IFN-γ secretion and immune cell infiltration were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: Conclusion: The combination of H101 and APA exhibited excellent anti-HCC efficacy, which may reshape the TME partially through the IFN-γ/STAT1/PD-L1 axis. These findings provide a promising strategy to overcome resistance to ICIs in HCC treatment.
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