Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41952852›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in neurology

An update on trismus: etiology, diagnosis and treatment.

Marco Falletti, Martina Cuccarelli, Enrico Evangelisti, Alessandro Zampogna, Martina Patera, Andrea Truini, Umberto Romeo, Antonio Suppa

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marco Falletti *Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Martina Cuccarelli *Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Enrico EvangelistiDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Alessandro ZampognaDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Martina PateraDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Andrea TruiniDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Umberto RomeoDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Antonio SuppaDepartment of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trismus, or "lockjaw," is a condition characterised by limited mouth opening due to masticatory muscle dysfunction. Its multifactorial etiology includes neurological and non-neurological causes, but current clinical guidance is fragmented. This narrative review synthesises current evidence on trismus pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. We propose a novel etiological classification distinguishing neurological from non-neurological causes and introduce a stepwise diagnostic and management algorithm. The algorithm prioritises red flag conditions, guides differential diagnosis, and supports treatment decisions in both outpatient and hospital settings. By providing a structured framework, this review aims to facilitate early recognition of the conditions, inform targeted therapeutic strategies, and improve patient outcomes.

Indexed as

botulin toxinlockjawmalignant syndrometetanustrismus

Identifiers

PMID41952852
PMCPMC13053315

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.