ArticleParasites & vectors2026
Comparison of multilocus genotyping and a commercial beta-giardin qPCR assay for detection of Giardia duodenalis zoonotic assemblages in cat and dog samples.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundGiardia duodenalis is a protozoan of dogs and cats that comprises several genotypes (assemblages A-G). The common assemblages affecting small animals (C, D, F, G) are not associated with disease in humans. However, assemblages A and B can be zoonotic. Several assays can be used for detection of G. duodenalis, but there is a need for an accurate and faster detection method for G. duodenalis zoonotic assemblages. The aim of this study was to compare a beta-giardin quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (bg-qPCR) to a standard multilocus genotyping technique for detection of G. duodenalis zoonotic assemblages in dog and cat feces.
methodsCanine and feline fecal samples submitted to a commercial laboratory (Antech Diagnostics) that tested positive for Giardia by centrifugal flotation, Giardia enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid PCR or those positive for Giardia spp. by a commercial direct fluorescent assay were included in this study (140 cases with zoonotic and non-zoonotic assemblages). The bg-qPCR assay was optimized and then all samples were assessed by both methods. Agreement among the two methods was assessed by Cohen's kappa agreement.
resultsA total of 140 samples that were previously positive for Giardia were analyzed by both bg-qPCR and multilocus genotyping. Both bg-qPCR and multilocus genotyping identified 70 of 76 (92.10%) of assemblage A and B samples. A total of 64 (n = 40 for assemblage A and n = 24 for assemblage B) of 76 samples yielded concordant results, with both diagnostic techniques giving a Cohen's kappa agreement value of 0.828. Non-zoonotic assemblages were amplified only by multilocus genotyping in 55 samples, and 9 samples were negative for both methods. Multilocus genotyping reported mixed infections in 23 cases and included A/D (1 dog), B/C (1 dog), B/F (1 dog; 2 cats), and C/D (18 dogs).
conclusionsFor the zoonotic assemblages, the results between multilocus genotyping and the bg-qPCR agreed for most cases. These data support the bg-qPCR as a less expensive and laborious option to determine zoonotic Giardia A/B assemblages in feces of dogs and cats.
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