Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41952167›Full record

ArticleBMC veterinary research2026

Cross-protective immunity elicited by heterologous DNA prime/subunit or adenovirus boost regimens against bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Mingguo Xu, Xueyu Tao, Hengyun Gao, Hao Guo, Xiaoxiao Gu, Yuting Zhang, Jing Yuan, Honghuan Li, Yueli Wang, Jihai Yi and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Mingguo XuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Xueyu TaoCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Hengyun GaoCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Hao GuoCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Xiaoxiao GuCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Yuting ZhangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Jing YuanCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Honghuan LiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Yueli WangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Jihai YiCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Jinliang ShengCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China.
Ningning YangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, 464000, China. 2024200008@xyafu.edu.cn.
Huan ZhangCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China. zhanghuan@shzu.edu.cn.
Chuangfu ChenCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, China. chuangfu_chen@163.com.

Funding

Henan Provincial Higher Education Institutions Key Scientific Research Project 26B230017Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Program 262102110007High-level Talent Program of the Shihezi University under Grant RCZK202579Talent development fund of "Tian Chi Ying Cai" program of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region under Grant BT-2025-TCYC-0104
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) poses a substantial economic threat to the cattle industry, necessitating vaccines with broad cross-protective immunity. Heterologous prime-boost immunization represents a promising strategy to broaden immune protection by engaging complementary immunological pathways across vaccine platforms. Here, we evaluated heterologous prime-boost regimens combining recombinant subunit, adenovirus-vectored, and DNA vaccines, all targeting the E2 glycoproteins of BVDV-1 (I E2) and BVDV-2 (II E2; I E2-II E2), in a BALB/c mouse model. The DNA/subunit and DNA/adenovirus regimens elicited potent cellular and humoral immunity. Crucially, DNA vaccine priming preferentially skewed the immune response toward a Th1-biased phenotype, optimizing the overall immune profile. Our findings confirm that heterologous prime-boost strategies can synergistically enhance the cross-protective efficacy of BVD vaccines, providing a solid foundation for future development, pending further validation in cattle.

Indexed as

Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal DiseaseCross ProtectionDiarrhea Virus 1, Bovine ViralDiarrhea Virus 2, Bovine ViralVaccines, DNAViral VaccinesAdenoviridaeAnimalsAntibodies, ViralCattleFemaleImmunization, SecondaryMiceMice, Inbred BALB CVaccines, SubunitAntibodies, ViralVaccines, DNAVaccines, SubunitViral VaccinesBALB/cBVDHeterologous prime-boost immunizationI E2-II E2

Identifiers

PMID41952167
PMCPMC13191931

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.