Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41952025›Full record

ReviewPulmonary therapy2026

2025 Annual Review of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Clinical Research.

Ilma Alves de Oliveira Nascimento, Rogério Souza, Caio Júlio Cesar Dos Santos Fernandes

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pulmonary therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Ilma Alves de Oliveira NascimentoPulmonary Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil. ilma.nascimento@usp.br.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1764-7013
Rogério SouzaPulmonary Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-9143
Caio Júlio Cesar Dos Santos FernandesPulmonary Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4912-021X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains a progressive and life-threatening disease despite major therapeutic advances over the past three decades. Alongside evolving treatment strategies, the growing complexity of PAH management has been accompanied by an expansion of global clinical research activity, creating challenges for clinicians and researchers to synthesize emerging evidence and identify meaningful trends.

methodsThis study provides a descriptive analysis of PAH-related clinical studies registered on international platforms integrated into the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP/WHO) between January and December 2025. Trials were characterized according to study design, therapeutic pathway, geographic distribution, funding source, and methodological features, including endpoint selection and incorporation of patient-reported and digital outcomes.

resultsA total of 54 PAH-related studies were registered in 2025, of which 64.8% were interventional and 33.3% observational. Most trials involved pharmacological interventions and were conducted predominantly in high- and middle-income countries, with limited representation from low-income regions. Academic institutions and hospitals accounted for the majority of sponsors, while direct pharmaceutical industry sponsorship was identified in a minority of registrations. Therapeutic investigations extended beyond classical vasodilator pathways, with increased focus on transforming growth factor/bone morphogenetic protein (TGF-β/BMP) signaling modulation, metabolic and cardiorenal pathways, and selective tyrosine kinase inhibition. Methodologically, trials increasingly incorporated composite endpoints, imaging-based assessments, biomarkers, patient-reported outcome measures, and, in a subset, digital health and remote monitoring strategies.

conclusionClinical trials registered in 2025 reflect a PAH research landscape characterized by stable trial volume, diversification of therapeutic targets, and progressive methodological refinement. The growing use of multidimensional endpoints and patient-centered and digital tools suggests a increasing integration of therapeutic response. Persistent gaps in geographic representation and endpoint standardization, however, remain key challenges for the future of PAH clinical research.

Indexed as

Clinical trialsEndpointsPulmonary arterial hypertensionResearch landscapeTherapeutic pathwaysTrial design

Identifiers

PMID41952025
PMCPMC13287177

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.