Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41951843›Full record

ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026

Intranasal co-delivery of riluzole and berberine via chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles for synergistic neuroprotection in Alzheimer's disease: formulation, characterization, and pharmacokinetics analysis.

Mohammed H El Komy, Basmah Nasser Aldosari, Randa Mohammed Zaki, Rawan Bafail, Rehab Mohammad Yusif, Mohamed A Abdelgawad, Mohammed Elmowafy, Ahmad Y Abuhelwa, Hussein M Eid

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Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mohammed H El KomyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. mhalkomy@ju.edu.sa.
Basmah Nasser AldosariDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, P.O. Box 2457, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Randa Mohammed ZakiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, P.O. Box 173, 11942, Saudi Arabia.
Rawan BafailDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawarah, P.O. Box 30039, 41477, Saudi Arabia.
Rehab Mohammad YusifDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Al-Munawarah, P.O. Box 30039, 41477, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed A AbdelgawadDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72341, Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed ElmowafyDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad Y AbuhelwaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
Hussein M EidDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt. hussien.eid@pharm.bsu.edu.eg.

Funding

Al Jouf University DGSSR-2024-01-02058
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents an intranasal chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticle system co-loaded with riluzole (RLZ) and berberine (BER) to achieve synergistic neuroprotection and enhanced brain targeting for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles containing riluzole and berberine (RLZ-BER-CTS-PLGA) were prepared via a modified single emulsion-solvent evaporation method using 0.9% PLGA and 1% PVA, and 0.99% chitosan. The optimized formulation exhibited a size of 203.5 nm, zeta potential of + 34.7 mV, and high entrapment efficiencies of 73.9% (RLZ) and 71.4% (BER). In vitro release showed sustained delivery, with only 36.3% BER and 28.4% RLZ released after 2 h compared to 82.6% and 57.3% from suspensions. Ex vivo nasal permeation demonstrated 2.8-fold (BER) and 2.1-fold (RLZ) increases in permeability coefficients relative to drug suspensions. Pharmacokinetic evaluation confirmed superior brain delivery, with intranasal RLZ-BER-CTS-PLGA achieving C

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBerberineChitosanNanoparticlesNeuroprotective AgentsRiluzoleAdministration, IntranasalAnimalsBrainDrug CarriersDrug LiberationMalePolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerRats, Sprague-DawleyBerberineChitosanDrug CarriersNeuroprotective AgentsPolylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid CopolymerRiluzoleAlzheimer’s disease therapyBerberineBrain targetingChitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticlesIntranasal drug deliveryRiluzole

Identifiers

PMID41951843

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.