Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41951679›Full record

ArticleNPJ biofilms and microbiomes2026

Phage therapy targeting DNA-encapsulated membrane vesicle-producing intestinal symbiotic Klebsiella pneumoniae ameliorates autoimmune disease.

Bingchun Pu, Rui Wang, Jiang Wang, Linlin Li, Jianhui Li, Mufeng Cai, Yi Zhong, Bo Yan, Lin Lv, Yan Zhang and 11 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ biofilms and microbiomes, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors.

Bingchun Pu *Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Rui Wang *Department of Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Jiang Wang *Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Linlin LiShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jianhui LiShanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Mufeng CaiShanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital & Renji Baoshan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yi ZhongShanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital & Renji Baoshan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Bo YanCenter for Tuberculosis Research, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lin LvState Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Yan ZhangSchool of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ke DongSchool of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jing LuoExperiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Hanbo LiExperiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Xingyu ChenExperiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Quan ZhouExperiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Chang LiuDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Ruqi TangDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
Xiong MaDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.
Xiaokui GuoSchool of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Wei ZhaoExperiment Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. zhaowei_sjtu@sjtu.edu.cn.
Jinhong QinDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. jinhongqin@sjtu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2025YFC3408400Shanghai Municipal Health Commission 202240193
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a progressive and currently incurable inflammatory liver disorder. Accumulating evidence suggests that intestinal Klebsiella pneumoniae may contribute to AIH. However, the specific bacterial features underlying its role remain unclear. We isolated 32 strains of K. pneumoniae from both healthy and AIH patients. Genomic and phenotypic analyses identified a unique strain, KpA4-1 from an AIH patient, distinguished by its production of membrane vesicles (MVs) encapsulating plasmid DNA (p2). Administration of p2-containing MVs in mice elevated serum liver enzymes and antinuclear antibodies (ANA), indicating liver injury and autoimmune activation. Oral administration of KpA4-1 in AIH mice exacerbated AIH pathology, evidenced by elevated liver enzymes, increased ANA titers, and enhanced hepatic CD8

Indexed as

BacteriophagesHepatitis, AutoimmuneIntestinesKlebsiella InfectionsKlebsiella pneumoniaeAnimalsAntibodies, AntinuclearcGAS-STING Signaling PathwayDisease Models, AnimalDNA, BacterialFemaleHumansLiverMembrane ProteinsMicePlasmidsAntibodies, AntinuclearDNA, BacterialMembrane ProteinsSting1 protein, mouseSTING Protein

Identifiers

PMID41951679
PMCPMC13237050

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.