ArticleThe Journal of veterinary medical science2026
Mammary simple adenoma of the right rear udder in a 15-month-old Holstein heifer.
Article in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A 15-month-old Holstein heifer developed progressive swelling of the right rear udder 3 month. The heifer was euthanized to investigate the cause. Postmortem examination revealed a solid mass measuring approximately 10 × 10 × 10 cm in the lactiferous sinus of the right rear udder. Histopathologically, the mass consisted of glandular and ductal proliferation of epithelial-like cells with slight atypia. Immunohistochemically, the cells were strongly positive for pan-cytokeratin (CK) and CK7, and approximately 25% of the cells were strongly positive for estrogen receptor. The Ki-67 proliferation index of tumor cells was 4.53%. No neoplastic proliferation of myoepithelial cells or fibrous connective tissue was observed. The mass was diagnosed as a simple adenoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mammary simple adenoma in a Holstein heifer, and in such a young heifer without a history of artificial insemination or pregnancy.
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