Observational studyBMJ open2026
Daytime circadian patterns of exhaled volatile organic compounds in adults without and with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: protocol for an exploratory observational study.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05984979 (The Daytime Circadian Rhythm in Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds in People Living Without and With Type 1 and 2 Diabetes), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Daytime Circadian Rhythm in Exhaled Volatile Organic Compounds in People Living Without and With Type 1 and 2 Diabetes: an Exploratory Study
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionCircadian regulation modulates metabolic and hormonal processes throughout the day, yet it remains unclear whether these diurnal fluctuations are reflected in exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles and whether such temporal patterns differ between individuals with and without diabetes. Previous breath analysis studies in diabetes have shown heterogeneous results, which may reflect differences in analytical approaches and the lack of standardised sampling times. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This prospective, single-centre observational study examines daytime VOC dynamics from 08:00 to 16:00 among adults without diabetes, and individuals with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes. 60 participants will complete one in-person visit with repeated breath measurements using a BreathSpec ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Canton of Bern (BASEC 2023-01143). Results will be shared via peer-reviewed publications, conferences and lay summaries. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05984979.
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