ArticleScience advances2026
Multimodal platform for ITN efficacy: Surface chemistry, bioavailability, and mosquito behavior.
Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
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Abstract
Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are crucial for malaria control, but their efficacy is compromised by rising mosquito resistance. To better understand ITN effectiveness, we present a multidisciplinary framework through a case study examining the removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from ITN coatings and its impact on malaria vectors in East and West Africa. Our results show that PFAS-free pyrethroid nets exhibit reduced bio-efficacy against resistant malaria vectors compared with PFAS-based nets, despite both meeting deltamethrin specifications. Surface characterization reveals that PFAS stabilizes smaller, noncrystalline deltamethrin particulates enhancing bioavailability, while PFAS-free coatings promote particulate aggregation with an increased population of crystalline deltamethrin. Behavioral assays suggest that PFAS-free formulations reduce mosquito contact time and insecticide uptake, with resistant strains showing decreased irritancy and knockdown. These findings highlight the trade-offs of PFAS removal and stress the need for a multidisciplinary approach combining advanced chemical analytics and behavioral assessments to optimize ITNs for effective malaria control while considering environmental sustainability.
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