ArticlePloS one2026
Developing and validating a measure of L2-specific emotion regulation strategies.
Article in PloS one, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite recent scholarly interest in the regulation of academic emotions in second language (L2) learning, L2 studies have primarily relied on domain-general instruments to measure L2 emotion regulation (ER) strategies. In response, this study created and validated a domain-specific instrument, the L2 Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (L2ERSQ).
methodsTwo waves of data were collected from 811 Chinese tertiary EFL learners. The factorial structure, reliability, and validity of the L2ERSQ were assessed through a series of analyses such as exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.
resultsExploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis have confirmed a 7-factor structure of the questionnaire, which possessed satisfactory construct reliability and validity. ER strategies significantly correlated with L2 enjoyment and boredom within both waves of data, demonstrating the concurrent criterion validity of the L2ERSQ. Model comparisons indicate that the L2ERSQ possesses longitudinal measurement invariance, showing its potential for longitudinal studies of emotion regulation.
conclusionThis study demonstrates the reliability and validity of a questionnaire assessing L2-specific emotion regulation strategies. The newly developed instrument enriches the existing taxonomy of emotion regulation strategies by distinguishing between value upgrading and value downgrading within the broader category of value appraisal. The findings indicate that some emotion regulation strategies (e.g., value upgrading) are adaptive, while others (e.g., value downgrading) are ambivalent. Implications for research on L2 emotion regulation and the development of interventions to enhance emotion regulation are discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.