Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41950098›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

Alternative microexon splicing code for a four-amino acid peptide of PTPRD governs behavioral development.

Ayako Imai, Hironori Izumi, Nagomi Ito, Hina Ogiso, Yuki Kitajima, Shuhei Kawase, Mizuki Sendo, Kenji Azechi, Toshihide Tabata, Yumie Koshidaka and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ayako ImaiDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.ORCID 0009-0006-4969-0462
Hironori IzumiDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.ORCID 0009-0007-7580-1987
Nagomi ItoDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.ORCID 0009-0004-0298-4565
Hina OgisoDepartment of Biofunctional Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.ORCID 0009-0001-0005-5496
Yuki KitajimaDepartment of Biological Information Processing, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
Shuhei KawaseDepartment of Biological Information Processing, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
Mizuki SendoDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Kenji AzechiDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.ORCID 0000-0003-0696-2326
Toshihide TabataDepartment of Biological Information Processing, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-6158-647X
Yumie KoshidakaLife Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Shuya FukaiDepartment of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-1241-1443
Keizo TakaoResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
Hisashi MoriDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-9743-2456
Tomoyuki YoshidaDepartment of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-8476-3798

Funding

MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP20H03350MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP20K21444MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP21H00190MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP22H04922MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP23K18151MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) JP23K27276
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microexons of 3 to 27 nucleotides selectively regulated in the vertebrate nervous system have attracted attention as new elements for modifying the function of neuronal proteins. Protein tyrosine phosphatase δ (PTPRD) is one of presynaptic hubs for neuronal synaptic organization. Alternative splicing (AS) of three microexons, meA3, meA6, and meB, encoding 3, 6, and 4 amino acid-peptides, respectively, imparts structural diversity to PTPRD, due to which the resulting eight splice variants exhibit distinct synaptogenic properties. However, the regulatory mechanisms of AS and physiological significance of the AS code for

Indexed as

Alternative SplicingBehavior, AnimalExonsPeptidesReceptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2AnimalsBrainIntronsMiceNeuronsPeptidesReceptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2alternative splicingbehaviormicroexonPTPRDsynapse organizer

Identifiers

PMID41950098
PMCPMC13080001

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.