Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41949668›Full record

ArticleInternational ophthalmology2026

Prevalence of floppy eyelid syndrome and keratoconus in Egyptian patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Islam S H Ahmed, Amir Ramadan, Khalfan M Khamis, Ahmed Yassin Bahgat, Amr Said

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Article in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Islam S H AhmedOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt. islamshereen@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1939-2695
Amir RamadanOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
Khalfan M KhamisOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.
Ahmed Yassin BahgatOtorhinolaryngology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Amr SaidOphthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Khartoum Square, Azarita, Alexandria, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo describe prevalence of floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) and keratoconus (KC) in a cohort of Egyptian patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

methodsSix hundred patients with confirmed OSA were evaluated by 2 ophthalmologists for BCVA, slit-lamp examination, the presence of FES using vertical pull test on the upper eyelids and anterior eyelid distraction tests. All the patients underwent bilateral corneal imaging by the Scansys TA517 3D anterior segment analyzer tomography. Tomographic scans were analyzed using the manufacturer integrated KC grading software for both the front and the back corneal surface.

resultsThe study included 1200 eyes of OSA 600 patients with the mean age 55.02 ± 7.11 years. Two hundred sixteen patients (36%) were female. Thirty patients (5%) had a positive family history of KC. FES was identified in 96 eyes (8%) and KC in 24 eyes (2%). While univariate analysis showed a significantly higher prevalence and odds ratio for both conditions in patients with severe OSA, these associations did not remain significant in the multivariate regression model after adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI).

conclusionsFES and KC were present in Egyptian patients with OSA. Particularly in those with higher disease severity. However, the lack of independent association in multivariate analysis suggests that systemic factors, such as BMI, may play a mediating role. Routine ophthalmological screening may be beneficial in OSA patients' multidisciplinary care.

Indexed as

Eyelid DiseasesKeratoconusSleep Apnea, ObstructiveAdultAgedCorneal TopographyEgyptFemaleHumansLagophthalmosMaleMiddle AgedPolysomnographyPrevalenceSyndromeFloppy eyelidKeratoconusObstructive sleep apneaPolysomnographyScheimpflug-based corneal topography

Identifiers

PMID41949668

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.