Observational studyClinical and translational gastroenterology2026
Nonvariceal Upper GI Bleeding in Established Users of Proton-Pump Inhibitors: Higher Incidence But Better Outcomes.
Observational study in Clinical and translational gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Editorial: Prevention of Upper GI Bleeding in Users of Anti-Thrombotic Drugs-P-CABs Versus PPIs.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionNonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) still occurs despite taking proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). We tested the hypothesis that PPI efficacy fades with time.
methodsThis is a prospective and controlled observational comparison of cases of NVUGIB arising from the adult PPI-users' and nonusers' subpopulations of a well-defined community. Patients presenting with NVUGIB were grouped into PPI-users (index group) and nonusers (control group).
resultsThe incidence of NVUGIB in our overall adult population was 89.7 in 2019 and 115.1 per 100,000 in 2022 ( P = 0.01). Over the 2 years, the incidence of NVUGIB in the non-PPI subpopulation was 59.3 vs 364.4 in the PPI subpopulation ( P < 0.0001). In the index group (n = 213), 21 (9.9%) patients developed duodenal ulcers vs 44 (20.2%) in the control group (n = 211; P = 0.002); 162 (76.1%) were admitted vs 188 (89.1%), P < 0.001; 54 (25.5%) required transfusion vs 74 (35.2%), P = 0.034; and there was a 30-day mortality of 8 (3.8%) vs 18 (8.5%), P = 0.044, respectively in controls. Of 15 cases in the index group with gastric ulcer, 9 (60%) developed in the fourth quartile of duration of PPI use (76-180 months). The duration of PPI use grouped by quartiles was a significant predictor of a finding of gastric ulcer (odds ratio 2.39, 95% CI 1.29-4.46, P = 0.006). DISCUSSION: Apart from gastric ulceration, there was no consistent evidence of a decline in PPI efficacy with time. The need for and long-term use of PPI may identify those at a higher risk of NVUGIB. REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomised Clinical Trial number ISRCTN14750381.
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