Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41949026›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026

Proteomic profiling of brain organoids and extracellular vesicles identifies early Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and drug response heterogeneity.

Rachel J Boyd, Daiyun Dong, Ram Sagar, Anton Iliuk, Waqar Ahmed, Xenia Androni, Anton P Porsteinsson, Paul B Rosenberg, Constantine G Lyketsos, Kenneth W Witwer and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rachel J BoydDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Daiyun DongDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Ram SagarDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Anton IliukTymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
Waqar AhmedDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Xenia AndroniDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Anton P PorsteinssonUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA.
Paul B RosenbergThe Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Constantine G LyketsosThe Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Kenneth W WitwerThe Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Vasiliki MahairakiDepartment of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Funding

Validation and clinicaldevelopment of plasma EV protein biomarkers for minimally-invasive detection of AlzheimersdiseaseR44AG063589 · NIA · TYMORA ANALYTICAL OPERATIONS, LLC · PI Anton Iliuk · 2024 to 2026
$2.4M
Development of non-invasive research and diagnostics platform for Alzheimer's disease based on plasma exosomesR43AG063589 · NIA · TYMORA ANALYTICAL OPERATIONS, LLC · PI ILIUK, ANTON · 2019 to 2019
$215k
NIA NIH HHS AGR01046543NIA NIH HHS AGR01050515NIA NIH HHS AGR01054771NIA NIH HHS AGR01071522NIA NIH HHS R43 AG063589NIA NIH HHS R44 AG063589NIH HHS 1RF1AG083801The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) exhibits high genetic and clinical heterogeneity that limits therapeutic success. Patient-derived brain organoids and their extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide physiologically relevant models to study disease mechanisms and individualized drug responses.

methodsWe generated the largest brain organoid cohort to date, derived from 30 independent induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from AD and control individuals. Comparative proteomic profiling was performed on both organoids and their secreted EVs to capture molecular diversity and treatment effects.

resultsOrganoids and EVs consistently recapitulated neuronal proteomic signatures and revealed early alterations in AD-related pathways, including synaptic and neurotransmitter dysfunction. Distinct proteomic responses mirrored individual variability in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sensitivity. DISCUSSION: Integrating organoid and EV data provides a systems-level view of AD pathophysiology and treatment response, positioning this dual-platform model as a cost-effective tool for precision medicine and drug discovery.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseBrainExtracellular VesiclesOrganoidsProteomicsBiomarkersHumansInduced Pluripotent Stem CellsSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsTreatment Effect HeterogeneityBiomarkersSelective Serotonin Reuptake InhibitorsAlzheimer diseaseclinical heterogeneityescitalopram oxalateextracellular vesicle proteomicsextracellular vesiclesinduced pluripotent stem cellsproteomic profilingserotonergic hindbrain organoids

Identifiers

PMID41949026
PMCPMC13058922

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.