Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41948785›Full record

ArticleVeterinary dermatology2026

Applying the Health Belief Model to Identify Factors Associated With Owner Persistence to Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy.

Caroline Williams, Alicia Webb Milum, Samantha Andritsch, Michael E von Fricken, Meagan Painter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary dermatology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Caroline WilliamsRedbud Animal Dermatology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7788-0067
Alicia Webb MilumRedbud Animal Dermatology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
Samantha AndritschOne Health Center of Excellence, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Michael E von FrickenOne Health Center of Excellence, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Meagan PainterMSPCA-Angell West, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-0908

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAllergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only treatment targeting the pathophysiology of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) and feline atopic skin syndrome (FASS). Despite its disease-modifying potential, owner persistence remains a clinical challenge. This study applied the Health Belief Model (HBM) to evaluate factors influencing owner persistence with ASIT. HYPOTHESIS/

objectivesWe hypothesised that owner perceptions of ASIT effectiveness, perceived barriers (e.g., cost) and ease of treatment integration would be associated with persistence. The objective was to identify modifiable psychological and logistical factors to support sustained ASIT use in cAD and FASS management. ANIMALS: No animals were used. MATERIALS AND

methodsPets prescribed ASIT between 1 January 2020 and 31 May 2024, were identified from four geographically diverse veterinary dermatology practices. Owners completed a survey assessing HBM constructs-perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, social support-and a knowledge domain. Owner-reported ASIT refill behaviour served as a proxy for persistence. Associations between HBM constructs and refill behaviour were evaluated using chi-square tests and logistic regression.

resultsHigher perceived disease severity, greater perceived benefits and increased self-efficacy were positively associated with persistence. Owners who viewed their pet's condition as severe, believed ASIT effective, or felt confident administering treatment were more likely to continue therapy. Cost concerns and administration challenges were key perceived barriers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study highlights the psychological factors in owner persistence with ASIT. HBM-informed educational strategies that emphasise disease impact, treatment value and owner confidence may improve persistence with ASIT and long-term disease management.

Indexed as

Cat DiseasesDermatitis, AtopicDesensitization, ImmunologicDog DiseasesHealth Belief ModelHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAnimalsCatsDogsFemaleHumansMaleSurveys and Questionnairesatopic/therapydermatitishealth belief modelimmunotherapy/ASITsurveys and questionnairestreatment adherence and complianceveterinary medicine

Identifiers

PMID41948785
PMCPMC13569391

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.