ReviewFrontiers in medicine2026
Cerebral air embolism in interventional pulmonology.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interventional pulmonology has completely changed the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases through the application of minimally invasive techniques. Cerebral air embolism (CAE) is a potentially fatal complication in this field, with an incidence of only 0.02 to 0.4%, but a mortality rates up to 20 to 30%. From January 2001 to December 2024, we systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Wanfang, CNKI and VIP and other databases, supplemented by manual retrieval. We included human case reports related to cerebral air embolism induced by interventional pulmonology. This analysis systematically reviewed 53 cases of cerebral venous and arterial air embolism. This review integrates the latest evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of CAE, with a specific focus on its relationship to interventional pulmonology. By systematically linking pathophysiological mechanisms to specific procedural steps. We propose an evidence-based, procedure-specific preventive framework. Implementing this framework within the standard workflow of interventional pulmonology is essential for anticipating risks, guiding timely diagnosis and intervention, and ultimately improving patient safety in this rapidly evolving field.
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