ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2026
Client-specific outcome measure for chronic osteoarthritis pain assessment in horses.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent cause of chronic pain and lameness in horses. Whereas lameness can be quantified using objective measures, the assessment of OA-associated pain remains challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the Client-Specific Outcome Measure (CSOM), a tool widely used in small animals, for the assessment of chronic OA pain in horses through caretaker evaluation. Methods: Seventeen privately owned horses with confirmed OA were enrolled in a 20-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. For each horse, three individual pain-related indicators (CSOM items) were identified through a veterinarian-caretaker consultation. The selected items were regularly scored (0-4), and the scores were summed to obtain a total CSOM score (CSOM-sum). The CSOM-sum was compared with other pain assessment measures, including a caretaker-assigned visual analogue scale (VAS-own), a veterinarian-assigned visual analogue scale (VAS-exp), subjective lameness scores, and a gait asymmetry index. Results: The CSOM-sum showed moderate but significant correlations with all other pain and lameness measures ( Discussion: These findings indicate that, provided relevant items are carefully identified, the CSOM may represent a valuable complementary tool for assessing and monitoring pain severity in horses under field conditions.
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