Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41948336›Full record

Trial reportFrontiers in immunology2026

Fractional BNT162b2 boosters induce durable immune responses after non-mRNA priming in Mongolia: a randomised controlled trial.

Tsetsegsaikhan Batmunkh, Eleanor Fg Neal, Otgonjargal Amraa, Nadia Mazarakis, Bolor Altangerel, Naranbaatar Avaa, Lkhagvagaram Batbayar, Khishigjargal Batsukh, Kathryn Bright, Tsogjargal Burentogtokh and 19 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05265065 (A Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Immunogenicity, Safety and Reactogenicity of Standard Dose Versus Fractional Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05265065 phase3completednot on this map

A Randomised Controlled Trial to Assess the Immunogenicity, Safety and Reactogenicity of Standard Dose Versus Fractional Doses of COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) Given as a Booster Dose After Priming With Sinopharm, AstraZeneca or Sputnik in Healthy Adults in Mongolia

TypeinterventionalSponsorMurdoch Childrens Research InstituteRan2022 to 2024Enrolled601ConditionsCOVID-19ArmsTozinameran - Standard Dose, Tozinameran - Fractional Dose
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

29 authors.

Tsetsegsaikhan BatmunkhNational Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Eleanor Fg NealInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Otgonjargal AmraaNational Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Nadia MazarakisInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Bolor AltangerelOnoshmed Laboratory, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Naranbaatar AvaaOnoshmed Laboratory, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Lkhagvagaram BatbayarSukhbaatar District Health Centre, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Khishigjargal BatsukhGeneral Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Kathryn BrightInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Tsogjargal BurentogtokhGeneral Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Lien Anh Ha DoInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Gantuya DorjMongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
John D HartInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Otgonbold JamiyandorjCity Health Department, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Khulan JavkhlantugsBayangol District Health Centre, Bayangol District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Sarantsetseg JigjidsurenGeneral Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, First Central Hospital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Frances JusticeInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Shuo LiInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Khaliunaa MashbaatarNational Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Kerryn A MooreInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Narantuya NamjilOnoshmed Laboratory, Sukhbaatar District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Cattram D NguyenInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Batbayar OchirbatNational Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Unursaikhan SurenjavNational Centre for Public Health, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Helen ThomsonInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Bilegtsaikhan TsolmonNational Centre for Communicable Diseases, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Paul V LicciardiInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Claire von MollendorfInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
Kim MulhollandInfection, Immunity, and Global Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 boosters restore waning immunity. After demonstrating non-inferiority of 15 μg versus 30 μg BNT162b2 at 28 days in Mongolian adults, we assessed 24-month immunogenicity and safety. Methods: In this randomised, controlled trial, adults primed with ChAdOx1-S, BBIBP-CorV, or Gam-COVID-Vac were assigned (1:1) to 15 μg or 30 μg BNT162b2. Anti-spike IgG, surrogate virus neutralisation (sVNT) against Wuhan-Hu-1 and Omicron BA.1, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assays (Ag1/Ag2) were assessed to 24 months. SARS-CoV-2 infections and serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05265065. Results: Of 601 participants, 520 (86.5%) completed follow-up. IgG and IFN-γ responses were comparable between arms at 24 months (IgG geometric mean ratio (GMR) 1.06 [95% CI 0.95-1.18]; Ag1 GMR 1.17 [95% CI 0.82-1.66]; Ag2 GMR 1.06 [95% CI 0.73-1.54]). Median sVNT inhibition remained high (Wuhan-Hu-1 88% [interquartile range (IQR) 86-90]; Omicron BA.1 85% [IQR 70-88]). Twenty-eight SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred. Fifty-three SAEs were balanced by study arm, and none were vaccine related. Discussion: Equivalent immunity and safety from 15 μg and 30 μg BNT162b2 boosters support fractional dosing as a cost-saving strategy. Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05265065, identifier NCT05265065.

Indexed as

BNT162 VaccineCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunization, SecondarySARS-CoV-2AdultAgedAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralFemaleHumansImmunogenicity, VaccineImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gammaMaleMiddle AgedAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gammaSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusBNT162b2; BBIBP-CorVbooster vaccinationChAdOx1-SCOVID-19fractional doseGam-COVID-Vacimmunogenicity

Identifiers

PMID41948336
PMCPMC13050916

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.