Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41948182›Full record

ArticleBMJ public health2026

Effectiveness of mobile vaccine clinics on COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the USA: an observational study.

Khanh N C Duong, Yue Zhang, Richard E Nelson, Andrew T Pavia, Barbara E Jones, Danielle T Nguyen, Cindy Wynette, Makoto M Jones, Matthew H Samore, Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Khanh N C DuongDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-9476
Yue ZhangDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Richard E NelsonDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Andrew T PaviaDivision of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Barbara E JonesVeterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, IDEAS, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Danielle T NguyenDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Cindy WynetteUtah Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Makoto M JonesDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Matthew H SamoreDivision of Epidemiology, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
Nathorn ChaiyakunaprukDepartment of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4572-8794

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Little is known regarding the impact of mobile vaccine clinics (MVCs) on COVID-19 vaccination rates in the USA. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of MVCs in increasing COVID-19 vaccination uptake in the state of Utah. Methods: In this longitudinal observational study, we collected and analysed data on MVCs and COVID-19 vaccinations in Utah from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022. The primary exposure was the weekly number of MVC days in host ZIP codes (where MVCs operated). The secondary exposure was the weekly number of MVC days in nearby ZIP codes. The outcome was the weekly first-dose vaccination rate. A mixed-effects zero-inflated beta regression model was used. Confounding variables adjusted in the model included the Health Accessibility Barriers Index, the Resource-Constrained Health System Index, the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), vaccine hesitancy and prior vaccination rates. Results: MVCs were deployed for 2760 days (8.5 MVC days per 10 000 residents). MVC density was higher in areas with high proportions of Hispanic populations (11.7 days per 10 000 residents), urban areas (9.0 days per 100 000 residents), and areas with very high SVI (14.9 days per 10 000 residents). Each additional MVC day in a given week reduced the odds of no vaccination in that week by 79.5% (OR=0.205, 95% CI 0.064 to 0.659) in host ZIP codes and by 21.1% (OR=0.789, 95% CI 0.732 to 0.849) in nearby ZIP codes. For ZIP codes with vaccinations, each additional MVC day increased the odds of weekly vaccination rates by 1.6% (OR=1.016, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.032) and by 0.6% (OR=1.006, 95% CI 1.003 to 1.009) in nearby ZIP codes. Conclusions: MVCs increased COVID-19 vaccination uptake on both host and nearby ZIP codes. Policymakers can leverage these findings to use MVCs as a promising strategy to improve vaccine coverage for future pandemic responses or other vaccination programmes.

Indexed as

COVID-19Public HealthVaccination

Identifiers

PMID41948182
PMCPMC13052724

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.