ArticleResearch report (Health Effects Institute)2026
Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Birth Weight: The Roles of Noise, Placental Function, Green Space, Physical Activity, and Socioeconomic Status (FRONTIER).
Article in Research report (Health Effects Institute), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionFRONTIER aimed to provide a robust and comprehensive evaluation of the impact of maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on fetal growth. Toward this aim it (1) disentangled the effects of noise as a co-exposure; (2) identified the relevant window(s) of vulnerability for this impact; (3) evaluated its modification by household and neighborhood level socioeconomic status (SES), stress, physical activity, and the timing of conception and delivery in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown; (4) elucidated the role of placental function as an underlying mechanism; and (5) explored the potential of urban tree canopies and green spaces to mitigate it.
methodsFRONTIER established a new pregnancy cohort of 1,080 pregnant women in Barcelona, Spain - Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC). Fetal growth was characterized by anthropometric measures at birth, together with ultrasound-based trajectories of fetal development. We developed an innovative exposure assessment framework integrating objective data on time-activity patterns with dispersion, land use regression, and hybrid models, with campaigns of personal and home-outdoor air pollution monitoring to estimate maternal exposure levels as well as inhaled dose of black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO
resultsWe found that higher pregnancy exposure to NO
conclusionsExposure to TRAP is associated with impaired fetal growth.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41947314PMC13057358What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.