ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026
Humanized extracellular vesicles for efficient RNA delivery.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prime Editing Mediated Generation and Correction of the mdx5cv Mutation Restores Dystrophin Expression in Myoblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Long-acting RNAi therapeutics in hypertension: limitations of single-target AGT silencing and rational multi-target synergistic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of nonviral delivery vectors for RNA-based vaccines and gene therapies. A specialized form of engineered EVs, known as enveloped protein nanocages (EPNs), has been developed to enhance cargo loading and delivery. When EPNs are equipped with a viral fusogen, such as vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV-G), they have been shown to deliver proteins or RNA efficiently into recipient cells. Comparisons across different EPN types and optimization of their different features have been difficult, as assays for their activity have not been reported for single, active units. As we were interested in optimizing EVs, we first developed a biological titration assay inspired by the methods used for infectious viral particles. With this assay, we optimized EVs using a modular platform, creating EVs composed predominantly of human-derived protein components. This system achieved efficient RNA delivery, with functional titers comparable to those of lentiviral vectors. The optimized chimeric proteins comprising the EV particles integrate domains from human epsin 1, human citramalyl-CoA lyase beta-like protein (CLYBL), and human CEP55. The constructs also include a short 21-amino-acid peptide from a nonhuman source for RNA packaging, resulting in an EV-based RNA delivery system with reduced immunogenicity compared with EPNs and retroviral virus-like particles (VLPs).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.