Comparing MD-PhD trainee experiences by disciplinary background.

MD-PhD trainees increasingly pursue PhDs in social sciences, humanities, and public health (SSHPH). We characterized SSHPH trainee experiences and compared them with those of peers in traditional biomedical disciplines. From March to July 2023, a nationwide survey was sent to US MD-PhD programs that accept SSHPH trainees. Both SSHPH and non-SSHPH trainees participated in a survey focused on belonging, challenges and barriers, funding, and leadership recommendations. Quantitative data were analyzed using Fisher's exact tests, Student's t tests, and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests. Qualitative comments were analyzed using a hybrid deductive-inductive approach. 234 MD-PhD trainees across the US participated, with 111 (47.4%) in SSHPH and 123 (52.6%) in non-SSHPH disciplines. Overall, there were many similarities between trainees across disciplinary groups, but small and consistent differences were noted among SSHPH trainees, including decreased belonging, difficulty identifying role models, and increased work requirements during graduate school. Respondents had 5 recommendations for MD-PhD leaders and 3 recommendations for the NIH, such as integrating SSHPH scholars into speaker series and incentivizing funding parity. Limitations include high percentages of missing responses. This exploratory study provides insights into SSHPH MD-PhD trainee experiences, highlighting similarities and unique needs that can be addressed within and across MD-PhD programs.