Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41945264›Full record

ArticleNano-micro letters2026

Bioinspired Dual-Scale Crack Manipulation Enabling 325%-Stretchable Metal Film Conductors for AI-Empowered Electronic Skins.

Tianming Sun, Bin Feng, Guisheng Zou, Jinpeng Huo, Bo Bi, Jin Peng, Zehua Li, Gongbo Bian, Bingang Xu, Lei Liu

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nano-micro letters, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Tianming Sun *State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
Bin Feng *Nanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
Guisheng ZouState Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China. zougsh@tsinghua.edu.cn.
Jinpeng HuoState Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
Bo BiState Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
Jin PengState Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
Zehua LiState Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
Gongbo BianNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, People's Republic of China.
Bingang XuNanotechnology Center, School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
Lei LiuState Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Turbomachinery Power Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China. liulei@tsinghua.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The advancement of electronic skins toward commercialization calls for cost-effective and robust flexible conductors, among which metal films are attractive candidates but suffer from poor stretchability. Conventionally, cracks formed in strained metal films are universally considered detrimental and sought to be suppressed. Herein, we demonstrate that cracking is not a drawback, but rather an effective design parameter for on-demand tailoring of film properties. By exploiting the size effect in crack engineering, we propose a bioinspired, dual-scale architecture that endows metal film conductors with up to 325% stretchability. We show that through the synergy of nanoscale pore implantation and microscale substrate roughening, progressively evolved crack patterns can be programmed within metal films by modulating structural parameters. This tunable film cracking behavior yields a nearly 25-fold regulation of stretchability, representing a remarkably wide tunable range among previously deposited metal counterparts. Leveraging these advances, a stretchable metal film-based, AI-empowered electronic skin is constructed, demonstrating excellent practicality across diverse flexible sensing scenarios. Our strategy highlights the pivotal role of the size effect in precise crack manipulation, and the multi-scale regulation paradigm establishes a fresh route to performance improvement of flexible conductors.

Indexed as

Artificial intelligenceFlexible conductorsFlexible sensorsHierarchicalStretchable conductorsStretchable electronics

Identifiers

PMID41945264
PMCPMC13057072

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.