ReviewCurrent opinion in pediatrics2026
Pediatric tracheostomy-associated respiratory infections: an evolving paradigm.
Review in Current opinion in pediatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictors of Frequent Acute Respiratory Infections in Children With Tracheostomies.Pediatric pulmonology · 2026Article
- Factors associated with delayed decannulation within 180 days after pediatric tracheostomy in the PICU: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- From PICU to home: a longitudinal airway safety framework for children with tracheostomies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewChildren with tracheostomy frequently experience tracheostomy-associated infections (TRAINs) such as pneumonia and tracheitis. This review will summarize current evidence regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TRAINs. RECENT
findingsRecent evidence highlights limitations of respiratory culture testing in the face of a diverse, dynamic bacterial community within the airways of children with tracheostomy, challenging the notion that a positive bacterial culture is sufficient for diagnosing bacterial TRAIN. For this reason, recent consensus guidelines recommend against the routine obtainment of respiratory cultures for TRAIN diagnosis in the absence of specific clinical symptoms. Additional evidence for microbiome shifts and host inflammation as diagnostic tools may help identify those who will benefit from antibiotic treatment. Recent findings support selective anaerobic coverage when aspiration is suspected and suggest shorter antibiotic courses may be effective. Cycled inhaled tobramycin shows potential for reducing TRAIN frequency and related hospitalizations. SUMMARY: With recent advances in TRAIN pathobiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of TRAINs is undergoing a paradigm shift. Future translational research will define the airway microbiome during TRAINs and during wellness and its impact on host inflammation. Antibiotic clinical trials are needed to optimize treatment and prevention of TRAINs.
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